the photosphere has a boiling appearance why

Galaxy groups are separated by black hole regions, where galaxies collapse and are born (astronomers even have a term for these regions they call them stellar maternity wards). The spiral toroidal magnetic field of the Universe is encompassed by the electromagnetic interaction of galaxies. At the core of the electromagnetic Universe model lies a toroidal system in which numerous galaxies are held together by the single magnetic field of the Universe. This hypothesis, developed by us, rests upon three postulates: the Universe exists eternally energy exchange occurs between all of its objects in the entire frequency range, from ultralow to superhigh frequencies all events are cyclical in nature (galaxies are born from black holes and then collapse into black holes) and obey the laws of conservation of energy, charge, and mass. The main drawback of this theory (which has been in existence for over a century) lies with the fact that it does not answer the question: Where did the singularity, which had contained the entire mass of the Universe, come from? The electromagnetic Universe hypothesis does answer this question, as well as many others. Our concept of the electromagnetic Universe holds no room for the Big Bang.

However, space–time is an extremely complex system, yet to be understood by new generations of scientists: physicists, cosmologists, and others. Living beings evolve and acquire spirituality, i.e., the ability to cognize not only themselves but the surrounding world. They change simultaneously and proportionally with the form of existence of matter, which inevitably leads to the emergence of a fundamentally new quality-life. Both space and time are equivalent to each other and are the most uncertain and multivector universal functions of the Universe. All stars and planets must be increasing in volume with time while retaining their angular momentum and position in space. Although our conceptions about the existence of dark matter and dark energy in the Universe still remain the most mysterious ones, we argue that the bulk of matter and energy is concentrated in cosmic–plasma electromagnetic fields (>95%). Space objects are Earth-like planets with a solid core, liquid mantle, and a hard crust, above which the atmosphere immediately begins gas giants with no solid surface (a substantial part of them is the atmosphere, which at low altitudes turns into a liquid due to increased pressure, while there is no clear boundary between the liquid ocean and the atmosphere) and stars, all of which have a solid core and poles synchronized with black holes. So far, no theory has been able to fully describe the internal structure of black holes however, as follows from the Planck and Boltzmann laws, these holes are a perpetuum mobile of evolution for the entire Universe, controlling the transformation mechanism through electromagnetic resonance oscillations of the entire cosmic ether (like the human brain), which propagate across all structures of the Universe. A discussion is provided of the nature and role of black holes in the Universe, which are seen as an integral and obligatory part of all physical structures of the Cosmos. The probability is examined of the action of attraction forces due to electromagnetic interaction of rotating charged baryonic particles, instead of the classical Newton theory of gravitation, i.e., the law describing gravitational interaction in classical mechanics. These elements are H, D, and 3,4He at first, hydrogen turns into helium, and then helium transforms into carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., up to iron group elements.

According to this model, the Universe has now been expanding for ~20 Ga, with the lightest elements forming during the first few seconds at T ~ 10 9 K as a result of nuclear fusion. New ideas are presented about the nature of the evolution of the Universe, which call for a deeper scientific understanding and reassessment of the existing views on the so-called Big Bang cosmological model.

The photosphere has a boiling appearance why